Genetic variation in wild Prunus L. subgen. Cerasus germplasm from Iran characterized by nuclear and chloroplast SSR markers

The selected material of Cerasus subgen. will be useful for conservation and management and important for Prunus breeding programs. Knowledge of relationships among the cultivated and wild species of Cerasus is important for recognizing gene pools in germplasm and developing effective conservation and management strategies. In this study, genetic and phylogenetic relationships of wild Cerasus subgenus species naturally growing in Iran, including P. avium (mazzard), P. mahaleb, P. brachypetala, P. incana, P. yazdiana, P. microcarpa subsp. microcarpa, P. microcarpa subsp. diffusa and P. pseudoprostrata and three commercial species, sweet cherry (P. avium), sour cherry (P. cerasus) and duke cherry (P. x gondouinii) was investigated based on 16 nuclear SSR and five chloroplast SSR. Very high level of polymorphism was detected among the studied species based these molecular markers, indicating high inter and intraspecific genetic variation. Inter and intraspecific genetic similarity coefficients varied from 0.00 to 1.00, indicating high genetic variation in studied germplasm. These two molecular markers types could distinguish differences between all species so that accessions of each species were placed into a single group. Based on molecular markers, a close correlation was observed between intraspecific variation and geographical distribution. Furthermore, based on nuSSR primers, most wild species showed 2-4 alleles and may be tetraploid. In conclusion, the conservation of these highly diverse native populations of Iranian wild Cerasus germplasm is recommended for future breeding activity.