Journal
TREE PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 30, Issue 9, Pages 1174-1191Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpq069
Keywords
foliar nutrients; G x E interaction; phosphorus; potassium; radiata pine; retrospective studies; site resource-use efficiency
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Funding
- New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology [C04X0304, C04X0806]
- New Zealand Forest Site Management Co-operative
- Scion
- University of Canterbury
- University of Chile
- Education New Zealand
- New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment (MBIE) [C04X0806] Funding Source: New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment (MBIE)
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Six clones of radiata pine with known differences in growth rate were examined for clonal nutritional characteristics and for physiological determinants of clonal growth rate. We compared growth, foliar characteristics and nutrient, C-13 and N-15 concentration data for the six clones in 4- to 6-year-old field trials planted over a range of nutritionally contrasting sites. These data were also compared with growth, nutrient uptake and remobilization, foliar characteristic and gas exchange data from intensive physiological glasshouse experiments using 1- and 2-year-old plants of the same clones. Significant genotype x environment interactions in our field experiments conducted over strong nutritional gradients allowed us to identify radiata pine clones with consistent, superior growth and nutritional characteristics and clones that may be suited to particular site conditions. Our results suggest that the opportunity exists to exploit clone x site variation for site-specific clonal deployment and planting of fast-growing clones could be accompanied by planting of clones able to take relative advantage of site nutritional characteristics. Faster tree growth was not strongly related to any physiological characteristic, and the factors influencing growth rate differed among clones. The fastest-growing clone had consistent, high uptake of all nutrients, high fascicle weights and high water-use efficiency.
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