Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction in a Single-Lung Transplant Recipient With Natal Lung Hyperinflation: A Case Report

After single lung transplantation for emphysema native lung hyperinflation is a common complication that may cause respiratory failure. Herein we have reported satisfactory bronchoscopic lung volume reduction in a left single-lung transplant recipient with native lung hyperinflation, who suffered from Medical Research Council (MRC) class 3 dyspnea and chest pain. Three endobronchial valves (Zephyr; Emphasys Medical, Redwood, Calif, United States) were placed into the segmental bronchi of the right upper lobe, using videobronchoscopy under general anesthesia. Postoperative chest computed tomography revealed subsegmental atelectasis in that lobe. The clinical benefit was an improved MRC dyspnea class from 3 to 2, which was still present at 4 months after the procedure, although there were no remarkable changes in spirometric parameters.