Journal
WATER
Volume 7, Issue 5, Pages 2275-2292Publisher
MDPI AG
DOI: 10.3390/w7052275
Keywords
sulfate reduction; sulfate reducing bacteria; methanogens; anaerobic sequencing batch reactor; COD; SO42- ratio
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Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [261797-2009]
- Canada Research Chair program [950-203725]
- University of Windsor [13320]
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Biological sulfate (SO42-) reduction was examined in anaerobic sequential batch reactors (ASBRs) operated under different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) ranging from 12 to 36 h and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand)/SO42- ratios of 2.4, 1.6 and 0.8. Competition between SO42- reducing bacteria (SRBs), methane producing archaea (MPAs) and homoacetogens (HACs) was examined in controls and cultures treated with linoleic acid (LA). The ASBR performance was influenced by the COD/SO42- ratio in control cultures with a SO42- reduction of 87% at a COD/SO42- ratio of 0.8. At a 12 h HRT, in both control and LA treated cultures, greater than 75% SO42- removal was observed under all the conditions examined. In control reactors operating at a 36 h HRT, high levels of MPAs belonging to Methanobacteriales and Methanosarcinales were detected; however, in comparison, under low COD/SO42- ratio and with decreasing HRT conditions, a relative increase in SRBs belonging to Desulfovibrio and Desulfatibacillum was observed. Adding 0.5 gL(-1) LA suppressed Methanobacteriales, while increasing the LA concentration to 1 gL(-1) completely suppressed MPAs with a relative increase in SRBs. HACs belonging to Bacteroidetes were observed in the control and in cultures operated at 12 h HRT with a COD/SO42- ratio of 1.6 and fed 0.5 gL(-1) LA; however, with all other LA levels (0.5 and 1.0 gL(-1)) and HRTs (12, 24 and 36 h), HACs were not detected.
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