Journal
TRANSPLANTATION
Volume 90, Issue 12, Pages 1321-1327Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/TP.0b013e3181ff8772
Keywords
Regulatory T cell; Tolerance; Humanized mouse; Rejection; Skin transplantation
Categories
Funding
- Wellcome Trust
- European Union
- RISET
- Medical Research Council UK
- Royal College of Surgeons of England
- Dunhill Medical Trust
- Oxfordshire Health Services Research Committee Charitable Trust
- Medical Research Council [G0800842] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [G0800842] Funding Source: UKRI
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Background. Composite tissue transplantation effectively reconstructs the most complex defects, but its use is limited because of harmful immunosuppression and the high susceptibility of skin to rejection. Development of tolerance is an ideal solution, and protocols using regulatory T cells (Tregs) to achieve this have been promising in experimental animal models. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of human Tregs to regulate immune responses to a human skin allograft in vivo. Methods. We isolated and expanded naturally occurring CD127(lo)CD25(+) CD4(+) human Tregs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and examined their phenotype and suppressive activity in vitro. Using a clinically relevant chimeric humanized mouse system, we transplanted mice with human skin grafts followed by allogeneic populations of PBMCs with or without Tregs derived from the same PBMC donor. Results. Ex vivo-expanded Tregs maintain the appropriate Treg markers and retain suppressive activity against allo-stimulated and polyclonally stimulated autologous PBMCs in vitro. Mice receiving allogeneic PBMCs alone consistently reject human skin grafts, whereas those also receiving Tregs display stable long-term human skin transplant survival along with a reduction in the CD8(+) human cellular graft infiltrate. Conclusions. We show for the first time the unique ability of human Tregs to prevent the rejection of a skin allograft in vivo, highlighting the therapeutic potential of these cells clinically.
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