Leptin and adiponectin in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical and laboratory correlations

Objective: To evaluate the serum levels of leptin and adiponectin in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and correlate their levels with disease activity, presence of autoantibodies and clinical manifestations. Methods: 52 women with SLE and 33 healthy women were evaluated. The patients were divided into two groups, the first with active SLE and the second with inactive SLE. Patients with SLEDAI >= 3 were considered active. Serum levels of leptin (ng/ml) and adiponectin (mu g/ml) were measured by enzyme immunoassay. Results: There was a significant difference in leptin levels between SLE and controls (20.7 +/- 17.1 vs. 8.0 +/- 5.0 ng/mL, P <0.001), but no significant difference in adiponectin levels (87.5 +/- 69.7 vs. 118.1 +/- 70.6 pg/ml, P = 0.053). No significant difference in levels of leptin and adiponectin was noted between inactive and active SLE groups. There was a significant association between low levels of leptin and positivity for anticardiolipin (aCL) (P = 0.025) and lupus anticoagulant (LA) (p = 0.003) and a significant association between high levels of leptin and the presence of renal disease (p <0.001). However, there was no association between adiponectin levels with autoantibodies and clinical features in SLE patients. Conclusion: Patients with SLE had elevated leptin levels, with association with renal involvement. Leptin and adiponectin were not correlated with disease activity. Low levels of leptin have been associated with the presence of LA and aCL. (C) 2014 Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.