Journal
TRANSGENIC RESEARCH
Volume 22, Issue 2, Pages 391-402Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11248-012-9656-5
Keywords
Antioxidant; Plastid transformation; Tocopherol; Tobacco; Lettuce
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan [22248042]
- MEXT [S1101035]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [22248042] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Vitamin E (tocopherol: Toc) is an important lipid-soluble antioxidant synthesized in chloroplasts. Among the 8 isoforms of vitamin E, alpha-Toc has the highest activity in humans. To generate transgenic plants with enhanced vitamin E activity, we applied a chloroplast transformation technique. Three types of the transplastomic tobacco plants (pTTC, pTTMT and pTTC-TMT) carrying the Toc cyclase (TC) or gamma-Toc methyltransferase (gamma-TMT) gene and the TC plus gamma-TMT genes as an operon in the plastid genome, respectively, were generated. There was a significant increase in total levels of Toc due to an increase in gamma-Toc in the pTTC plants. Compared to the wild-type plants, Toc composition was altered in the pTTMT plants. In the pTTC-TMT plants, total Toc levels increased and alpha-Toc was a major Toc isoform. Furthermore, to use chloroplast transformation to produce alpha-Toc-rich vegetable, TC-overexpressing transplastomic lettuce plants (pLTC) were generated. Total Toc levels and vitamin E activity increased in the pLTC plants compared with the wild-type lettuce plants. These findings indicated that chloroplast genetic engineering is useful to improve vitamin E quality and quantity in plants.
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