Transmission of Cyclospora cayetanensis infection: a review focusing on soil-borne cyclosporiasis

In industrialised regions, cyclosporiasis has been most often linked with either food-borne outbreaks or foreign travel. In endemic areas, risk factors associated with the infection include contaminated water or food, contact with animals, type of sanitation and contact with soil. In a community from Venezuela, a strong association was observed between environmental contact with faecal-contaminated soil and cyclosporiasis, suggesting that contact with soil may be an important mode of transmission. This paper reviews the transmission of cyclosporiasis, focusing on soil-related infection. (c) 2007 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.