Methods for separation, identification, characterization and quantification of silver nanoparticles

There is a growing production and application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (e.g., in cosmetics products, food technology, textiles and fabrics, and medical products and devices). The rapid growth in the commercial use of AgNPs will inevitably increase exposure to silver in the environment and among the general population. Compared to the vast application of silver, information on the fate, the transformation and the toxicity of AgNPs is very limited. Lack of proper techniques to trace AgNPs in complex matrixes hinders investigation. Thus, development of methods for analysis of AgNPs is very important to achieve detailed insights into the fate, the transport and exposure of AgNPs in environment. This review presents state-of-the-art methods for separation, identification, characterization and quantification of AgNPs. We also discuss perspectives on future developments. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.