2-Deoxy-D-glucose attenuates sevoflurane-induced neuroinflammation through nuclear factor-kappa B pathway in vitro

Object: Sevoflurane, one of the most commonly used anesthetics in clinic, induced neuroinflammation and caused cognitive impairment. 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) is a synthetic analogue of glucose and is clinically used in medical imaging safely. Methods: We examined the effect of 2-DG on sevoflurane-induced neuroinflammation in the mouse primary microglia cells. Mouse microglia cells were treated with 4.1% sevoflurane for 6 h to examine the expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B). Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) or 2-DG was used 1 h before sevoflurane treatment. Results: In the present study, we found that sevoflurane increased level of IL-6 and TNF-alpha through activating NF-kappa B signaling, and that 2-DG reduced sevoflurane-induced increase in IL-6 and TNF-alpha and nuclear NF-kappa B in microglia cells. Conclusion: Our data suggests that NF-kappa B signaling pathway could be a target for sevoflurane-induced neuroinflammation and 2-DG might be a potential therapy to prevent or treat sevoflurane-induced neuroinflammation. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.