Journal
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
Volume 26, Issue 7, Pages 1087-1092Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.07.006
Keywords
Ionic liquid; PC12 cells; Cytotoxicity; Mitochondrial dysfunction; Apoptosis
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation of China [31172415, 20573019, 20573034]
- Science and Technology Foundation of Henan Province, China [122102310195]
- Key Subject of Fishery in Henan Province, China
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Ionic liquids have recently received considerable attention due to their negligible vapor pressure and substitute for conventional organic solvents. However, their solubility in water and a great deal of literature regarding their toxicity on aquatic organisms have caused much concern in recent years. This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxicity of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C(8)mim][Cl]) on the rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell line by cell viability assay and to determine the cytological alterations and damages in PC12 cells after 24 h of exposure at the concentrations of 0.07, 014, and 0.28 mM of [C(8)mim][Cl]. The results show that [C(8)mim][Cl] inhibits PC12 cell growth and decreases their viabilities in a remarkable dose-dependent manner, and the 24 h EC50 of [C(8)mim][Cl] for PC12 cells is calculated to be around 0.56 mM. Our results also reveal that [C(8)mim][Cl]-exposure induces DNA damage, sustained increase of intracellular Ca2+, overproduction of reactive oxygen species, gradually exhausted cellular ATP, mitochondrial permeability transition, and apoptosis in PC12 cells. We suppose that mitochondrial permeability transition and mitochondrial dysfunction maybe the major cytotoxicity mechanism of [C(8)mim]Cl for PC12 cells. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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