Journal
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
Volume 24, Issue 7, Pages 1905-1910Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.07.023
Keywords
Titanium ion; Cell viability; TLR-2; TLR-4; Gingival epithelial cells
Categories
Funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [20390499, 21390516]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [20390499, 21390516] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Gingival epithelial-like cells (GE-1) were cultured and used to examine the cellular responses of gingival tissues to varying concentrations of titanium (Ti) ions. Titanium ions at concentrations of more than 13 ppm significantly decreased the viability of GE-1 cells and increased LDH release from the cells into the supernatant, but had no significant effect on their caspase 3 activity. These data suggest that a high concentration of Ti ions induced necrosis of the GE-1 cells. Titanium ions at a concentration of 5 ppm significantly increased the level of CCL2 mRNA expression in GE-1 cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis in a synergistic manner. Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of TLR-4 and ICAM-1 in GE-1 cells loaded with Ti ions at 9 ppm were significantly enhanced as compared with those in GE-1 cells without Ti stimulation. We suggest that Ti ions are in part responsible for monocyte infiltration in the oral cavity by elevating the sensitivity of gingival epithelial cells to microorganisms. Taken together, these data indicate that Ti ions may be involved in cytotoxicity and inflammation at the interfaces of dental implants and gingival tissue. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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