Journal
TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
Volume 228, Issue 1, Pages 114-134Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.12.008
Keywords
bisphenol A; human exposure; biomonitoring; exposure assessment; risk assessment
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Human exposure to bisphenol A is controversially discussed. This review critically assesses methods for biomonitoring of bisphenol A exposures and reported concentrations of bisphenol A in blood and urine of non-occupationally (environmentally) exposed humans. From the many methods published to assess bisphenol A concentrations in biological media, mass spectrometry-based methods are considered most appropriate due to high sensitivity selectivity and precision. In human blood, based on the known toxicokinetics of bisphenol A in humans, the expected very low concentrations of bisphenol A due to rapid biotransformation and the very rapid excretion result in severe limitations in the use of reported blood levels of bisphenol A for exposure assessment. Due to the rapid and complete excretion of orally administered bisphenol A, urine samples are considered as the appropriate body fluid for bisphenol A exposure assessment. In urine samples from several cohorts, bisphenol A (as glucuronide) was present in average concentrations in the range of 1-3 mu g/L suggesting that daily human exposure to bisphenol A is below 6 mu g per person (<0.1 mu g/kg bw/day) for the majority of the population. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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