Journal
TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
Volume 227, Issue 3, Pages 380-389Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.11.012
Keywords
ozone; TNF alpha; caveolin-1; lung; alveolar macrophages
Categories
Funding
- NCI NIH HHS [CA100994, R01 CA100994, R01 CA132624, R01 CA132624-01] Funding Source: Medline
- NIAMS NIH HHS [U54 AR055073-02, U54 AR055073-03, AR055073, U54 AR055073] Funding Source: Medline
- NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES005022-21, P30 ES005022-20, ES004738, R01 ES004738, R01 ES004738-15, ES005022, P30 ES005022, R01 ES004738-16A2] Funding Source: Medline
- NIGMS NIH HHS [GM034310, R01 GM034310, R01 GM034310-23] Funding Source: Medline
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Alveolar macrophages (AM) and inflammatory mediators including nitric oxide and peroxynitrite contribute to ozone-induced lung injury. The generation of these mediators is regulated, in part, by the transcription factor NF-kappa B. We previously demonstrated a critical role for NF-kappa B p50 in ozone-induced injury. In the present studies mechanisms regulating NF-kappa B activation in the lung after ozone inhalation were analyzed. Treatment of wild type (WT) mice with ozone (0.8 ppm, 3 h) resulted in a rapid increase in NF-kappa B binding activity in AM, which persisted for at least 12 h. This was not evident in mice lacking TNF alpha which are protected from ozone-induced injury; there was also no evidence of nitric oxide or peroxynitrite production in lungs from these animals. These data demonstrate that TNF alpha plays a role in NF-kappa B activation and toxicity. TNF alpha signaling involves PI-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB), and p44/42 MAP kinase (MAPK) which are important in NF-kappa B activation. Ozone Inhalation resulted in rapid and transient increases in p44/42 MAPK and PI3K/PKB in AM from WT mice, which was evident immediately after exposure. Caveolin-1. a transmembrane protein that negatively regulates PI3K/PKB and p44/42 MAPK signaling, was downregulated in AM from WT mice after ozone exposure. In contrast, ozone had no effect on caveolin-1, PI3K/PKB or p44/42 MAPK expression in AM from TNF alpha knockout mice. These data, together with our findings that TNF alpha suppressed caveolin-1 expression in cultured AM, suggest that TNF alpha and downstream signaling mediate activation of NF-kappa B and the regulation of inflammatory genes important in ozone toxicity, and that this process is linked to caveolin-1. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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