Journal
TOXICOLOGY
Volume 245, Issue 3, Pages 182-193Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.12.024
Keywords
biomarker; acute kidney injury; nephrotoxin
Categories
Funding
- NIDDK NIH HHS [R21 DK074099, R01 DK039773, R21 DK074099-02, R01 DK039773-21, R37 DK039773, R01 DK072381, R33 DK074099, DK39773, DK74099, R01 DK072381-04, DK72381] Funding Source: Medline
- NIEHS NIH HHS [K99 ES016723-01, K99 ES16723, K99 ES016723] Funding Source: Medline
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Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common condition with significant associated morbidity and mortality. Epidemiologic data suggest that a significant proportion of AKI cases is at least partially attributable to nephrotoxin exposure. This is not surprising given intrinsic renal susceptibility to toxicant-induced injury, a consequence of the unique physiologic and biochemical properties of the normally functioning kidney. A number of pathophysiologic mechanisms have been identified that mediate toxic effects on the kidney, resulting in a variety of clinical syndromes ranging from subtle changes in tubular function to fulminant renal failure. Unfortunately, standard metrics used to diagnose and monitor kidney injury, such as blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, are insensitive and nonspecific, resulting in delayed diagnosis and intervention. Considerable effort has been made to identify biomarkers that will allow the earlier diagnosis of AKI. Further characterization of these candidate biomarkers will clarify their utility in the setting of acute nephrotoxicity, define new diagnostic and prognostic paradigms for kidney injury, facilitate clinical trials, and lead to novel effective therapies. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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