Journal
TOPICS IN CATALYSIS
Volume 56, Issue 1-8, Pages 378-383Publisher
SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
DOI: 10.1007/s11244-013-9983-7
Keywords
Glycerol; Oxygenated compounds; Tert-butyl glycerol ether; Hyflon (R)-based catalysts; Diesel engine emissions
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Spherical silica supported Hyflon(A (R)) catalysts (SSHC) were developed to produce ethers from glycerol by etherification reaction with isobutene. SSHC allowed to obtain yields to di- and tri-ethers, suitable as additives or components for diesel fuels, higher than that obtained with A-15 commercial catalyst, and a concentration of undesired mono-ether (not soluble in diesel) lower than 3 wt%. The novel catalysts investigated were found stable and easily reusable; their low acid site density prevented the occurrence of oligomerization reaction accounting for di-isobutene formation. Engine tests performed using a blend containing 10 vol% of glycerol ethers mixture confirmed the positive role of additives in reducing emissions of particulates and unburned hydrocarbons with significant improvement of diesel combustion efficiency.
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