Journal
TISSUE ENGINEERING PART C-METHODS
Volume 15, Issue 3, Pages 493-499Publisher
MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC
DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2008.0436
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Funding
- EU-FP6 project EuroSTEC [LSHB-CT-2006-037409]
- Dutch Program for Tissue Engineering [DPTE6735]
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The aim of this work was to introduce high-resolution computed tomography (micro-CT) for scaffolds made from soft natural biomaterials, and to compare these data with the conventional techniques scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Collagen-based scaffolds were used as examples. Unlike mineralized tissues, collagen scaffolds do not provide enough X-ray attenuation for micro-CT imaging. Therefore, various metal-based contrast agents were applied and evaluated using two structurally distinct scaffolds, one with round pores and one with unidirectional lamellae. The optimal contrast techniques for obtaining high-resolution three-dimensional images were either a combination of osmium tetroxide and uranyl acetate, or a combination of uranyl acetate and lead citrate. The data obtained by micro-CT analysis were in line with data obtained by light and electron microscopy. However, small structures (less than a few mm) could not be visualized due to limitation of the spot size of the micro-CT apparatus. In conclusion, reliable three-dimensional images of scaffolds prepared from soft natural biomaterials can be obtained using appropriate contrast protocols. This extends the use of micro-CT analysis to soft materials, such as protein-based biomaterials.
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