Journal
THIN SOLID FILMS
Volume 531, Issue -, Pages 160-171Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2013.01.015
Keywords
Laser annealing; Furnace annealing; Raman spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; Thin films; Lithium-ion batteries; Lithium manganese oxide; Spinel phase
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Funding
- Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) in the BMBF [03SF0344A]
- Helmholtz program NANOMIKRO
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The structure and phase formations of radio frequency magnetron sputtered lithium manganese oxide thin films (Li1.1Mn1.9O4) under ambient air were studied. The influence of laser annealing and furnace annealing, respectively, on the bulk structure and surface phases was compared by using ex-situ X-ray diffraction and Raman analysis. Laser annealing technique formed a dominant (440)-reflection, furnace annealing led to both, (111)- and (440)-reflections within a cubic symmetry (S. G. Fd3m (227)). Additionally, in-situ Raman and in-situ X-ray diffraction were applied for online detection of phase transformation temperatures. In-situ X-ray diffraction measurements clearly identified the starting temperature for the (111)- and (440)-reflections around 525 degrees C and 400 degrees C, respectively. The 2 theta Bragg peak positions of the characteristic (111)- and (440)-reflections were in good agreement with those obtained through conventional furnace annealing. Laser annealing of lithium manganese oxide films provided a quick and efficient technique and delivered a dominant (440)-reflection which showed the expected electrochemical behavior of the well-known two-step de-/intercalation process of lithium-ions into the cubic spinel structure within galvanostatic testing and cyclic voltammetry. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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