Effect of annealing on the structural properties of electron beam deposited CIGS thin films

CIGS bulk compound of three different compositions CuIn0.85Ga0.15Se2, CuIn0.80Ga0.20Se2 and CuIn0.75Ga0.25Se2 have been prepared by direct reaction of elemental copper, indium, gallium and selenium. CIGS thin films of the three compositions have been deposited onto glass and silicon substrates using the prepared bulk by electron beam deposition method. The structural properties of the deposited films have been studied using X-ray diffraction technique. The as-deposited CIGS films have been found to be amorphous in nature. To study the effect of annealing on the structural properties, the films have been annealed in vacuum of the order of 10(-5) Torr. The X-ray diffractograms of the annealed CIGS films exhibited peaks revealing that the annealed films are crystalline in nature with tetragonal chalcopyrite structure. The (112) peak corresponding to the chalcopyrite structure has been observed to be the dominating peak in all the annealed films. The position of the (112) peak and other peaks in the X-ray diffraction pattern has been observed to shift to higher values of 2 theta with the increase of gallium concentration. The lattice parameter values 'a' and V have been calculated and they are found to be dependent on the concentration of gallium in the films. The FWHM in the X-ray diffraction pattern is found to decrease with an increase in annealing temperature indicating that the crystalline nature of the CIGS improves with increase in annealing temperature. The films grown on silicon substrates have been found to be of better crystalline quality than those deposited on glass substrates. The micro structural parameters like grain size, dislocation density and strain have been evaluated. The chemical constituents present in the deposited CIGS films have been identified using energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The surface topographical study on the films has been performed by AFM. The photoluminescence studies have been carried out and the results have been discussed. The thickness of the films has been determined by multiple beam interferometric technique. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.