Analyses of the thermal decomposition of urea nitrate at high temperature

The decomposition of urea nitrate (UN) was studied using adiabatic and non-isothermal calorimetry techniques. Gas species released were identified and quantified in situ using TG-infrared spectroscopy/mass spectrometry and molar proportions of these gases were evaluated. A decomposition mechanism at high temperature was proposed based on the nature and sequences of gaseous species observed combined with literature data on decomposition of intermediate products formed. Non-isothermal decomposition kinetics of urea nitrate were measured using variable heating rates to give activation energies E/kJ mol(-1) = 206 and 113 with preexponential factors Ln Z/min(-1) = 47 and 21, in a closed and open system, respectively. In these systems the major UN decomposition step is strongly coupled to an endothermic dissociation reaction. Species remaining after this exothermic decomposition showed only minor exothermicity at higher temperatures. This is contrasted with the onset to adiabatic decomposition which occurred similar to 30 degrees C below the apparent melting point (155-156 degrees C), and where solid (condensed) species are available. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.