Journal
TETRAHEDRON
Volume 68, Issue 14, Pages 3001-3011Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.02.028
Keywords
Reverse micelle; Bimetallic nanoparticles; Nano-catalyst; Fleck reaction; C-C coupling reaction; Aryl chlorides
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Funding
- K.N. Toosi University of Technology research council
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The metal nanoparticles (NPs) have been prepared using a water-in-oil microemulsion system of water/dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt (aerosol-OT, AOT)/isooctane at 25 degrees C. Since the NPs produced in this system can endure forcing conditions (100 degrees C), this system has been used for the synthesis of nano-catalysts in the Heck reactions. FE-SEM, DLS, and UV/vis analyses have been used to characterize the surface morphology, size, and proof of the formation of all the prepared metal NPs, respectively. In addition, the effects of some reaction parameters (here, bases and solvents) were optimized. Differences in the catalytic properties of the synthesized NPs have also been investigated. Consequently, the Pd/Cu (4:1) bimetallic NP showed the highest activity in the C-C coupling reaction of the iodobenzene with the styrene, thus it is employed as the superior catalyst in this study. Therefore, the Pd/Cu (4:1) bimetallic NPs were further investigated using TEM and XRD analyses. This catalyst system is also reusable for six runs with very negligible reduction in the efficiency. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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