Journal
TALANTA
Volume 77, Issue 2, Pages 606-623Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.07.024
Keywords
DNA biosensor review; DNA chip; Lab-on-a-chip; Molecular diagnosis; Nanobiotechnology
Categories
Funding
- FCT (Fundacao Para a Ciencia e Tecnologia), Portugal [PTDC/AMB/73154/2006]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [PTDC/AMB/73154/2006] Funding Source: FCT
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Biosensors have witnessed at) escalating interest nowadays, both in the research and commercial fields. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) biosensors (genosensors) have been exploited for their inherent physico-chemical stability and suitability to discriminate different organism strains. The main principle of detection among genosensors relies on specific DNA hybridization, directly on the surface of a physical transducer. This review covers the main DNA immobilization techniques reported so far, new micro-and nanotechnological platforms for biosensing and the transduction mechanisms in genosensors. Clinical applications, in particular, demand large-scale and decentralized DNA testing. New schemes for DNA diagnosis include DNA chips and microfluidics, which couples DNA detection with sample pretreatment under in vivo-like hybridization conditions. Higher sensitivity and specificity may arise from nanoengineered structures, like carbon nanotubes(CNTs) and DNA/protein conjugates. A new platform for Universal DNA biosensing is also presented, and its implications for the future of molecular diagnosis are argued. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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