Motor Activity Affects Dopaminergic and Noradrenergic Systems of the Dorsal Horn of the Rat Lumbar Spinal Cord

Dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) modulate responses to nociceptive stimuli, within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Both neurotransmitters may play a role in supraspinal regulation in response to proprioceptive afferences to the dorsal horn. However, direct evidence of changes in neurotransmitter release within the dorsal horn due to non-noxious stimuli is lacking. The present study was designed to determine, whether non-nociceptive exercise produces changes in release of DA and NA within the dorsal horn, and whether these changes are associated with long-lasting inhibition after the exercise stops. Microdialysis probes, implanted in layers 2-5 of Rexed, in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC) were used to measure concentrations of DA and NA metabolite (MHPG) in lumbar spinal cords of rats. Microdialysate was sampled before, during, and after a treadmill exercise of one hour. Results indicate that DA and NA releases are inhibited during non-nociceptive motor activity. At rest, DA concentration was 204 +/- 10.5 pg/10 mu l and was significantly decreased during exercise to -11.4% (P < 0.05). Greater decrease occurred after 30 min of exercise and was of -31.4% (P <= 0.05). Similarly, MHPG was significantly decreased of -18% during exercise (P <= 0.05). When exercise stopped, both systems showed long-lasting inhibition. Exercise post-release lasted 30 min for DA and 90 min for MHPG. MHPG greatest decrease of -47.8% occurred 30 min after stopping the exercise (P <= 0.001). Thus, DA and NA systems seem to respond to exercise-induced proprioceptive afferent stimuli to the dorsal horn. Synapse 65:1282-1288, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.