Journal
SURVEY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
Volume 54, Issue 1, Pages 1-32Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2008.10.001
Keywords
AGEs; angiotensin II; blood retinal barrier; clinically significant macular edema; diabetic macular edema; intravitreal steroid injection; laser photocoagulation; leukostasis; micropulse sub-threshold laser; OCT; PEDF; PKC; RAGE; retinal thickness analyzer; steroids; vasoactive factors; VEGF; vitrectomy; vitreoretinal interface
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Funding
- Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc.
- Eye Institute of New Jersey
- New Jersey Lions Eye Research Foundation
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Diabetic macular edema is a major cause of visual impairment. The pathogenesis of macular edema appears to be multifactorial. Laser photocoagulation is the standard of care for macular edema. However, there are cases that are not responsive to laser therapy. Several therapeutic options have been proposed for the treatment of this condition. In this review we discuss several factors and mechanisms implicated in the etiology of macular edema (vasoactive factors, biochemical pathways, anatomical abnormalities). It seems that combined pharmacologic and surgical therapy may be the best approach for the management of macular edema in diabetic patients. (Surv Ophthalmol 54:1-32, 2009. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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