Journal
SURGICAL ONCOLOGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
Volume 23, Issue 2, Pages 383-+Publisher
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2013.10.008
Keywords
Palliation; Cholangiocarcinoma; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Systemic therapies; Targeted therapies; Chemoembolization; Endoscopic therapies
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This article summarizes the current literature in treatment of unresectable biliary tract and primary liver tumors. Locoregional therapies including radiofrequency ablation, percutaneous ethanol injection, cryoablation, microwave ablation, transarterial chemoennbolization, hepatic artery infusion, radioembolization (Y-90), and bland embolization are discussed and clinical trials compared. Palliative strategies including surgical, percutaneous, and endoscopic techniques to decompress the biliary system and improve symptoms are also summarized. Systemic chemotherapy and sorafenib used in conjunction with locoregional therapies or as sole therapeutic options are discussed.
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