The fundamentals of nano- and submicro-scaled ceramic particles incorporation into electrodeposited nickel layers: Zeta potential measurements

Nano- and submicro-scaled ZrO(2) particles were codeposited into Ni matrix by an electrochemical plating process using a Watts bath. The incorporation has been studied in relation to dispersion stability. The ZrO(2) particles were characterized through zeta potential electro-acoustic measurements and particle size distribution. SEM and EDX analysis of the codeposited layers were performed to characterise the coating morphology and to determine the particle concentration in the layer. A content up to 10 vol.% of ZrO(2) was found in Ni matrix. As electrostatic repulsion within the dispersion increases, particle agglomeration slows down and the concentration of non-agglomerated particles rises resulting in an enhanced amount of particles incorporated in the electroplated Ni layers. The effect of electrophoresis and diffusion on particle transport to the cathode is discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.