Journal
STRUCTURE
Volume 21, Issue 11, Pages 2078-2086Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2013.08.021
Keywords
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [GM 088278]
- National Foundation for Cancer Research
- US Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of General Medical Sciences [P41GM103393]
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Seryl-tRNA synthetase (SerRS), an essential enzyme for translation, also regulates vascular development. This gain-of-function has been linked to the UNE-S domain added to vertebrate SerRS during evolution. However, the significance of two insertions also specific to higher eukaryotic SerRS remains elusive. Here, we determined the crystal structure of human SerRS in complex with Ser-SA, an aminoacylation reaction intermediate analog, at 2.9 angstrom resolution. Despite a 70 angstrom distance, binding of Ser-SA in the catalytic domain dramatically leverages the position of Insertion I in the tRNA binding domain. Importantly, this leverage is specific to higher eukaryotes and not seen in bacterial, archaeal, and lower eukaryotic SerRSs. Deletion of Insertion I does not affect tRNA binding but instead reduce the catalytic efficiency of the synthetase. Thus, a long-range conformational and functional communication specific to higher eukaryotes is found in human SerRS, possibly to coordinate translation with vasculogenesis.
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