Journal
STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 21, Issue 6, Pages 1155-1169Publisher
SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
DOI: 10.1007/s11224-010-9670-2
Keywords
Carbon nanostructures; Fullerenes; Carbon nanotubes; Graphene; Structures and properties
Funding
- Department of Defense (DoD) through the U. S. Army/Engineer Research and Development Center (Vicksburg, MS) [W912HZ-09-C-0108]
- Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N000141010076]
- National Science Foundation (NSF) [HRD-0833178]
- Direct For Education and Human Resources
- Division Of Human Resource Development [833178] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Large scientific community has been passionate in understanding different carbon nanostructures for last two decades. In this review, we present the general description of low-dimensional carbon allotropes such as fullerenes (0D), carbon nanotubes (1D), and graphene (2D). These structures have unique diversity of carbon-carbon bonds. Structures and electronic properties of fullerenes, small closed carbon cages, and giant fullerenes are illustrated. We point out the complexity in the area of fullerene research because of a wide range of structures and number of possible isomers of fullerenes. The concept of isolated pentagon rule in fullerenes is highlighted. We delineate the usefulness of pyramidalization angle in evaluating the curvature of fullerenes. The role of computational chemistry in identifying different isomers of fullerenes and validating the experimental results in ambiguous situations is also briefly mentioned. Properties of different types of carbon nanotubes, particularly single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and their structural features are summarized. The use of pyramidalization angle (theta (P)) and pi-orbital misalignment angles in predicting the reactivity of different carbon atom sites of SWCNTs is discussed. Finally, we outline the structures and electronic properties of graphene, and discuss the status of experimental investigations of this species.
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