Modeling risk analysis for forecasting peak discharge during flooding prevention and warning operation

This work proposes a risk analysis model to evaluate the risk of underestimating the predicted peak discharge, i.e. the exceedance of probability due to the uncertainties in rainfall information (rainfall depth, duration, and storm pattern) and the parameters of the rainfall-runoff model (Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting model, SAC-SMA) during the flooding prevention and warning operation. The proposed risk analysis model is combined with the multivariate Monte Carlo simulation method and the Advance First-Order Second-Moment method (AFOSM). The observed rainfall and discharge measured at Yu-feng Basin study area in Shihmen reservoir watershed is used in the model development and application. The results of the model application indicate that the proposed risk analysis model can analyze the sensitivity of the uncertainty factors for the predicted peak discharge and evaluates the variation of the probability of exceeding the predicted peak discharge with respect to the rainfall depth and storm duration. In addition, the result of risk analysis for a real rainstorm event, Typhoon Morakot, shows that the proposed model successfully explores the risk of underestimating the predicted peak discharge using SAC-SMA and forecasted rainfall information and provides a probabilistic forecast of the peak discharge.