Journal
STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
Volume 32, Issue 15, Pages 2555-2570Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/sim.5722
Keywords
collider bias; combining data; conditional independence; epidemiology; marginal odds ratio; sensitivity analysis
Categories
Funding
- Economic and Social Research Council [RES-576-25-0015]
- UK Department of Health [12167262]
- ESRC [ES/F032196/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- MRC [MC_UP_0801/1, G0801056] Funding Source: UKRI
- Economic and Social Research Council [ES/F032196/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [G0801056, G0801056B, MC_UP_0801/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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Case-control studies are particularly prone to selection bias, which can affect odds ratio estimation. Approaches to discovering and adjusting for selection bias have been proposed in the literature using graphical and heuristic tools as well as more complex statistical methods. The approach we propose is based on a survey-weighting method termed Bayesian post-stratification and follows from the conditional independences that characterise selection bias. We use our approach to perform a selection bias sensitivity analysis by using ancillary data sources that describe the target case-control population to re-weight the odds ratio estimates obtained from the study. The method is applied to two case-control studies, the first investigating the association between exposure to electromagnetic fields and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children and the second investigating the association between maternal occupational exposure to hairspray and a congenital anomaly in male babies called hypospadias. In both case-control studies, our method showed that the odds ratios were only moderately sensitive to selection bias. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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