Development and validation of a self-report version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM III)

Study design: Cross-sectional validation study. Objectives: To develop and validate a self-report version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM III). Setting: Two SCI rehabilitation facilities in Switzerland. Methods: SCIM III comprises 19 questions on daily tasks with a total score between 0 and 100 and subscales for 'self-care', 'respiration & sphincter management' and 'mobility'. A self-report version (SCIM-SR) was developed by expert discussions and pretests in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) using a German translation. A convenience sample of 99 inpatients with SCI was recruited. SCIM-SR data were analyzed together with SCIM III data obtained from attending health professionals. Results: High correlations between SCIM III and SCIM-SR were observed. Pearson's r for the total score was 0.87 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82-0.91), for the subscales self-care 0.87 (0.81-0.91); respiration & sphincter management 0.81 (0.73-0.87); and mobility 0.87 (0.82-0.91). Intraclass correlations were: total score 0.90 (95% CI 0.85-0.93); self-care 0.86 (0.79-0.90); respiration & sphincter management 0.80 (0.71-0.86); and mobility 0.83 (0.76-0.89). Bland-Altman plots showed that patients rated their functioning higher than professionals, in particular for mobility. The mean difference between SCIM-SR and SCIM III for the total score was 5.14 (point estimate 95% CI 2.95-7.34), self-care 0.89 (0.19-1.59), respiration & sphincter management 1.05 (0.18-2.28) and mobility 3.49 (2.44-4.54). Particularly patients readmitted because of pressure sores rated their independence higher than attending professionals. Conclusion: Our results support the criterion validity of SCIM-SR. The self-report version may facilitate long-term evaluations of independence in persons with SCI in their home situation. Spinal Cord (2013) 51, 40-47; doi: 10.1038/sc.2012.87; published online 14 August 2012