Journal
SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS
Volume 168, Issue 1-4, Pages 475-516Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11214-011-9813-9
Keywords
Atmospheric electricity; Lightning; Sprites; Sprite halos; Elves; Blue jets; Gigantic jets
Categories
Funding
- United States National Science Foundation [AGS-0734083, AGS-0836391]
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences [0836391, 0734083] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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This paper presents a literature survey on the recent developments related to experimental and modeling studies of transient luminous events (TLEs) in the middle atmosphere termed elves, sprites and jets that are produced in association with thunderstorm activity at tropospheric altitudes. The primary emphasis is placed on publications that appeared in refereed literature starting from year 2008 and up to the present date. The survey covers general phenomenology of TLEs and their relationships to characteristics of individual thunderstorms and lightning, physical mechanisms and modeling of TLEs, past, present and future orbital observations of TLEs, and their chemical, energetic and electric effects on local and global scales.
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