Solar assisted absorption cooling cycles for reduction of global warming: A multi-objective optimization approach

This work addresses the use of absorption cycles combined with solar energy for reducing the green house gas (GHG) emissions in the cooling sector. The problem of satisfying a given cooling demand at minimum cost and environmental impact is formulated as a bi-criterion non-linear optimization problem that seeks to minimize the total cost of the cooling application and its contribution to global warming. The latter metric, which is assessed following the principles of life cycle assessment (LCA), accounts for the impact caused during the construction and operation of the system. The concept of Pareto optimality is employed to discuss different alternatives for reducing the contribution to global warming that differ in their economic and environmental performance. We also analyze the effect of taxes on CO2 on the economic and environmental performance of the system. The capabilities of the proposed approach are illustrated through a case study that addresses the design of a solar assisted ammonia-water single effect absorption cooling system with 100 kW of cooling capacity considering Barcelona weather conditions. We show that reducing the contribution to global warming considering the current energy prices and taxes on carbon dioxide emissions is technically viable but economically not appealing. We also discuss the conditions under which reducing the CO2 emissions could become economically attractive. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.