Why does temperature affect relative uptake rates of nitrate, ammonium and glycine: A test with Eucalyptus pauciflora

Few studies have examined how temperature affects uptake of nitrate, ammonium and amino acids from soil. This study tests the hypothesis that cool temperatures favour uptake of the amino acid glycine while warm temperatures favour uptake of inorganic forms of N such as nitrate. We used glasshouse-grown ectomycorrhizal seedlings of the sub-alpine tree species Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieber ex Spreng. Seedlings were grown in soil (humic umbrosol, from species' habitat) that was dominated by amino acids and ammonium with only small amounts of nitrate. To examine if root physiology affects temperature responses of N uptake, we measured uptake from N-15-labelled hydrosolutions containing equimolar 100 mu mol L-1 mixtures of ammonium, nitrate and glycine at temperatures from 5 to 35 degrees C We also examined if the effect of temperature on uptake of N forms was due to plant-microbe competition by following the fate of equimolar amounts of labelled ammonium, nitrate and glycine injected into the soil at temperatures of 5 degrees C and 25 degrees C. Hydrosolution experiments showed that uptake of glycine was favoured by warm temperatures and inorganic N by cool temperatures. In contrast, when N-15 was injected into soil the uptake of glycine was favoured by low temperatures and nitrate by warm temperatures. At 25 degrees C, glycine was 17% of the N taken up from soil and nitrate was 51%; whereas at 5 degrees C glycine was 30% of the N taken up from soil and nitrate was 23%. Microbes were better competitors than seedlings for all forms of N, but temperature did not affect microbial preference for the different N forms. Hence, while microbes limit N available for plant uptake, they do not seem to be the cause of the greater plant uptake of glycine at cool temperatures and nitrate at warm temperatures. Intact uptake of glycine by plants was suggested by the positive relationship between uptake of C-13 and N-15 and detection by CC-MS of intact C-13(2), N-15 glycine molecules in roots. In conclusion, uptake of glycine is favoured by cool temperatures and nitrate by warm temperatures, but this is apparently not a function of root physiology or competition with soil microbes. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.