Amphoteric nano-, micro-, and macrogels, membranes, and thin films

This review describes the state-of the-art of nano-, micro- and macrogels, membranes, micro-and nanocapsules, as well as multilayered thin films exhibiting amphoteric character. The synthetic strategies and physicochemical properties of amphoteric materials are outlined in light of the stimuli-responsive behavior and their potential application in nanotechnology, biotechnology and medicine.