Journal
SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
Volume 27, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/1361-665X/aad649
Keywords
fluid-structure interaction; shape memory alloy; actuator; morphing; airfoil; wind turbines
Funding
- INNWIND. EU (INNovative WIND conversion systems - European Union's 7th Framework Program for research, technological development and demonstration [10-20MW, 308974]
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In the present paper, an aero-structure interaction model for the rapid simulation of morphing structures realized through shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators is presented. The aerodynamic simulation method implements a potential flow method strongly coupled with an integral boundary layer method in the context of a viscous-inviscid interaction approach, which includes a transition prediction model and a simplified shear stress-transport equation for the turbulence closure. The structural analysis model of the airfoil integrates a well-established SMA constitutive model for the prediction of the actuator behavior into finite element software. The two numerical models are loosely interconnected by exchanging geometrical and loading data at each iteration. An articulated 2-link adaptive mechanism for load alleviation purposes in horizontal axis wind turbine blades is investigated considering two different morphing scenarios: (1) operation of a single hinged flap; (2) combined movement of two sequential airfoil segments is attempted to achieve a smoother camber variation. The present fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model is employed with the aim to quantify its effect and benefits on the active shape control of the morphing airfoil, the actuator response, and the aerodynamic performance including lift and drag coefficients. The presented results demonstrate the robustness and numerical performance of the developed FSI method.
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