Journal
SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
Volume 20, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/0964-1726/20/2/025012
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Funding
- Office of Naval Research [N000140710671]
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This paper is concerned with the direct conversion of heat into electricity using pyroelectric materials. The Olsen (or Ericsson) cycle was experimentally performed on three different types of 60/40 poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] copolymer samples, namely commercial, purified, and porous films. This cycle consists of two isoelectric field and two isothermal processes. The commercial and purified films were about 50 mu m thick and produced a maximum energy density of 521 J l(-1) and 426 J l(-1) per cycle, respectively. This was achieved by successively dipping the films in cold and hot silicone oil baths at 25 and 110 degrees C under low and high applied electric fields of about 200 and 500 kV cm(-1), respectively. The 11 mu m thick porous films achieved a maximum energy density of 188 J l(-1) per cycle between 25 and 100 degrees C and electric field between 200 and 400 kV cm(-1). The performance of the purified and porous films suffered from their lower electrical resistivity and electric breakdown compared with commercial thin films. However, the energy densities of all 60/40 P(VDF-TrFE) films considered matched or exceeded those reported recently for 0.9Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-0.10PbTiO(3) (0.9PMN-0.1PT) (186 J l(-1)) and Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)(0.955)Ti0.045O3 (243 J l(-1)) bulk ceramics. Furthermore, the results are discussed in light of recently proposed figures of merit for energy harvesting applications.
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