Journal
SMALL
Volume 9, Issue 16, Pages 2721-2729Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/smll.201202508
Keywords
carbon nanotubes; eosinophil peroxidase; molecular modeling; biodegradable materials
Categories
Funding
- European Commission [263215]
- Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS)
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) [OH008282, 3927ZJQP, 3927ZHF]
- National Institutes of Health NIEHS [R01ES019304, HL70755, HL094488, U19AI068021]
- National Occupational Research Agenda NORA [0HELD015, 927000Y, 927Z1LU]
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC) [927ZJHF]
- National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER [0449117]
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-09-1-0478]
- EPA STAR [FP-91713801]
- Division of Computing and Communication Foundations
- Direct For Computer & Info Scie & Enginr [0449117] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) is one of the major oxidant-producing enzymes during inflammatory states in the human lung. The degradation of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) upon incubation with human EPO and H2O2 is reported. Biodegradation of SWCNTs is higher in the presence of NaBr, but neither EPO alone nor H2O2 alone caused the degradation of nanotubes. Molecular modeling reveals two binding sites for SWCNTs on EPO, one located at the proximal side (same side as the catalytic site) and the other on the distal side of EPO. The oxidized groups on SWCNTs in both cases are stabilized by electrostatic interactions with positively charged residues. Biodegradation of SWCNTs can also be executed in an ex vivo culture system using primary murine eosinophils stimulated to undergo degranulation. Biodegradation is proven by a range of methods including transmission electron microscopy, UV-visible-NIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and confocal Raman imaging. Thus, human EPO (in vitro) and ex vivo activated eosinophils mediate biodegradation of SWCNTs: an observation that is relevant to pulmonary responses to these materials.
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