Journal
SMALL
Volume 10, Issue 4, Pages 782-792Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/smll.201301459
Keywords
forster resonance energy transfer (FRET); fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM); photochemical internalization (PCI); photodynamic therapy; quantum dots
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Funding
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/J009318/1, BB/D0127831]
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/J009318/1, BB/J009164/1, BB/D012783/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- BBSRC [BB/J009318/1, BB/D012783/1, BB/J009164/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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The interaction of Tat-conjugated PEGylated CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QD) with the amphiphilic disulfonated aluminium phthalocyanine photosensitiser is investigated in aqueous solution and in a human breast cancer cell line. In aqueous solution, the QDs and phthalocyanine form stable nanocomposites. Using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements combined with singlet oxygen detection, efficient Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is observed with the QDs acting as donors, and the phthalocyanine photosensitiser, which mediates production of singlet oxygen, as acceptors. In cells, the Tat-conjugated QDs localise in lysosomes and the QD fluorescence lifetimes are close to values observed in aqueous solution. Strong FRET-induced quenching of the QD lifetime is observed in cells incubated with the nanocomposites using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). Using excitation of the QDs at wavelengths where phthalocyanine absorption is negligible, FRET-induced release of QDs from endo/lysosomes is confirmed using confocal imaging and FLIM, which is attributed to photooxidative damage to the endo/lysosomal membranes mediated by the phthalocyanine acceptor.
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