Journal
SMALL
Volume 10, Issue 7, Pages 1351-1360Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/smll.201302920
Keywords
squarylium indocyanine dye; apoptotic marker; fluorescent cell labeling; multifunctional dyes
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Funding
- National Science Foundation of China [21174012, 51103008, 51221002]
- 973 program [2013CB127603]
- Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest [200903021, 201003025]
- New Century Excellent Talents Award Program from Ministry of Education of China [NCET-100215, 090734]
- Doctoral Program of Higher Education Research Fund [20100010120006, 20120010110008]
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Functionalized fluorescent dyes have attracted great interest for the specific staining of subcellular organelles in multicellular organisms. A novel nanometer-sized water-soluble multi-functional squarylium indocyanine dye (D1) that contains four primary amines is synthesized. The dye exhibits good photostability, non-toxicity and biocompatibility. Isothermal titration calorimetry demonstrates that an affinity between D1 and DNA is higher than that between D1 and analogue of phospholipids. Analysis of circular dichroism spectra indicates that D1 targets to the DNA minor groove and aggregates to a helix. Because of the distinct affinity between the dye and subcellular organelles, the dye exhibits difunctional abilities to label the cell nuclei in fixed cells/tissue and the cell membranes in live cells/tissue. By combination of the two staining capabilities, the dye is further explored as a specific marker to distinguish apoptotic cells in live cells/tissue. The research opens a new way to design novel multifunctional dyes for life science applications.
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