Journal
SMALL
Volume 8, Issue 23, Pages 3655-3663Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200814
Keywords
two-photon absorption; aggregation-induced emission; fluorescence imaging; cellular uptake mechanism; folic acid
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Funding
- Singapore National Research Foundation [R-279-000-323-281]
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering of Singapore [IMRE/11-1C0213]
- Research Grants Council of Hong Kong [603509, HKUST2/CRF/10]
- Temasek Defence Systems Institute of Singapore [R279-000-305-592/422/232]
- Innovation and Technology Commission of Hong Kong [ITP/008/09NP]
- University Grants Committee of Hong Kong [AoE/P-03/08]
- National University of Singapore
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Folate functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) that contain fluorogens with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics are fabricated to show bright far-red/near-infrared fluorescence, a large two-photon absorption cross section and low cytotoxicity, which are internalized into MCF-7 cancer cells mainly through caveolae-mediated endocytosis. One-photon excited in vivo fluorescence imaging illustrates that these AIE NPs can accumulate in a tumor and two-photon excited ex vivo tumor tissue imaging reveals that they can be easily detected in the tumor mass at a depth of 400 mu m. These studies indicate that AIE NPs are promising alternatives to conventional TPA probes for biological imaging.
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