Journal
SMALL
Volume 8, Issue 17, Pages 2670-2674Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/smll.201102636
Keywords
anticancer drug; drug delivery; p-p stacking; reduced graphene oxide; subcellular site of action
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Funding
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Southwest University, China
- Chongqing Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Electrical Power Sources, China
- Center of Advanced Bionanosystems of Nanyang Technological University in Singapore
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Subcellular-targeted drug delivery has much potential to defeat infectious diseases and cancers. Medical and/or biochemical effects of drugs/bioactive molecules delivered to subcellular compartments and their subcellular sites of action need to be investigated but have not been explored. Here the subcellular location-dependent biochemical responses of a potent anticancer drug, beta-lapachone (beta-lap), is investigated by a reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-functionalized optical nanoprobe, which can deliver and simultaneously monitor the drug effects at nanoscales. For the first time, distinct oxidative responses and calcium alterations in three selected subcellular domains are observed and clearly pinpoint that the perinuclear region is the optimal subcellular site for beta-lap to have the best anticancer efficacy. The results presented here provide not only scientific insights of subcellular drugcell interaction that is not obtainable from conventional methods, but they also provide valuable knowledge for rational design of subcellular-targeted delivery or spatially resolved signal intervention.
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