Journal
SLEEP AND BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS
Volume 11, Issue 3, Pages 154-164Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1111/sbr.12017
Keywords
drowsy sleep; principal component analysis; sleep scoring; sleep-wake regulation; stage 1 sleep
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Funding
- Russian Foundation for Basic Research [07-06-00263-a, 10-06-00114-a, 13-06-00042-a]
- Russian Foundation for Humanities [06-06-00375-a, 12-06-18001-e]
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Neurobiological mechanisms determining a possibility of parsimonious descriptions of the continuous sleep process as a sequence of a few all-or-nothing variables called sleep stages remain unknown. We tested a suggestion that stage 1 sleep (drowsy sleep) corresponds to a rapid decay of a wake-promoting process and that the boundary with stages 2 separates this decay from a rapid buildup of a sleep-promoting process. The analyzed dataset included power spectra calculated from the electroencephalographic (EEG) records obtained during attempts of 15 adults to stay permanently awake for 43-61h and during multiple napping attempts of nine sleep-deprived, nine sleep-restricted, and 11 sleep-unrestricted adults. The time courses of scores on the 1st and 2nd principal components of the EEG spectra reflected the suggested phase relationships between rapid changes in the sleep- and wake-promoting processes, respectively. The 1st principal component score was permanently attenuated during wakefulness and stage 1 sleep but started to build up on the boundary with stage 2. In contrast, the 2nd principal component score started to fall down near the wake-sleep boundary but remained unchanged across stage 2. We concluded that stage 1 sleep corresponds to the decay phase of the wake-promoting process that precedes the buildup phase of the sleep-promoting process during stage 2.
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