Journal
SLEEP
Volume 34, Issue 8, Pages 987-995Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.5665/SLEEP.1148
Keywords
Sleep-wake consolidation; language; early childhood; genetics
Categories
Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
- Canada Research Chair Program
- Canadian Institute of Advanced Research
- National Health Research and Development Program
- Quebec Research Funds (FCAR, FQRSC, and FRSQ)
- Quebec Ministries of Health
- Social Services and Families
- Lucie and Andre Chagnon Foundation
- Ste-Justine Hospital
- University of Montreal
- Laval University
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Study Objectives: The objectives were (1) to assess associations between sleep consolidation at 6, 18 and 30 months and language skills at 18, 30, and 60 months; and (2) to investiagte the genetic/environmental etiology of these associations. Design: Longitudinal study of a population-based twin cohort. Participants: 1029 twins from the Quebec Newborn Twin study. Measurements and Results: Sleep consolidation was derived from parental reports of day/night consecutive sleeping durations. Language skills were assessed with the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory at 18 and 30 months and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test at 60 months. The day/night sleep ratio decreased significantly from 6 to 30 months. The 6- and 18-month ratios were negatively correlated with sub-sequent language skills. Children with language delays at 60 months had less mature sleep consolidation at both 6 and 18 months than children without delays and those with transient early delays. Genetic and regression analyses revealed that the sleep ratio at 6 months was highly heritable (64%) and predicted 18-month (B = -0.06) and 30-month language (B = -0.11) mainly through additive genetic influences (R-Gs = 0.32 and 0.33, respectively). But contrast, the sleep ratio at 18 months was mainly due to shared environment influences (58%) and predicted 60-month language (B = -0.08) through shared environment influences (R-Cs = 0.24). Conclusions: Poor sleep consolidation during the first 2 years of life may be a risk factor for language learning, whereas good sleep consolidation may foster language learning through successive genetic and environmental influences.
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