Journal
SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS
Volume 71, Issue 4, Pages 1401-1427Publisher
SIAM PUBLICATIONS
DOI: 10.1137/10079118X
Keywords
wave-pinning; bistable reaction-diffusion system; mass conservation; stationary front; cell polarization; Rho GTPases
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation (USA) [DMS-0914963]
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- McKnight Foundation
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), Canada
- National Institutes of Health [R01 GM086882]
- Washington University
- St. Louis
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [R01GM086882] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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We describe and analyze a bistable reaction-diffusion model for two interconverting chemical species that exhibits a phenomenon of wave-pinning: a wave of activation of one of the species is initiated at one end of the domain, moves into the domain, decelerates, and eventually stops inside the domain, forming a stationary front. The second ( inactive) species is depleted in this process. This behavior arises in a model for chemical polarization of a cell by Rho GTPases in response to stimulation. The initially spatially homogeneous concentration profile (representative of a resting cell) develops into an asymmetric stationary front profile (typical of a polarized cell). Wavepinning here is based on three properties: (1) mass conservation in a finite domain, (2) nonlinear reaction kinetics allowing for multiple stable steady states, and (3) a sufficiently large difference in diffusion of the two species. Using matched asymptotic analysis, we explain the mathematical basis of wave-pinning and predict the speed and pinned position of the wave. An analysis of the bifurcation of the pinned front solution reveals how the wave-pinning regime depends on parameters such as rates of diffusion and total mass of the species. We describe two ways in which the pinned solution can be lost depending on the details of the reaction kinetics: a saddle-node bifurcation and a pitchfork bifurcation.
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