Journal
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
Volume 197, Issue -, Pages 334-341Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2014.03.004
Keywords
Conjugated polyelectrolyte; Aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE); Tetraphenylethylene; Fluorene; Heparin
Funding
- National Natural Scientific Foundation of China [21004004, 51073026, 51061160500]
- National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2013CB834704]
- Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China [20101101120029, 20091101110031]
- Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry [20120932001]
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A series of cationic conjugated polyelectrolytes named as PTPExFyN, which consist of tetraphenylethylene (TPE) as aggregation-induced emission (AIE) units and fluorene (F) as aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) units, have been synthesized by the quaternization of the corresponding neutral polymers. These cationic conjugated polyelectrolytes exhibited aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) and dual-channel fluorescence response (DCFR) when aggregated in solution, either by adding non-solvent or by adding heparin. The fluorescence intensity of PTPEN or PTPE0.5F0.5N in the fluorescence titration curves showed a linear increasing relationship with the concentration of heparin, while the fluorescence intensity of PTPE0.3F0.7N, PTPE0.2F0.8N and PTPE0.1F0.9N showed DCFR (i.e., two independent linear relationships) with the concentration of heparin, one attributed to the ACQ signal and the other attributed to the AIEE signal. The mechanism of AIEE was investigated by calculating the radiative and nonradiative decay rate constants using the experimental data of photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields and lifetimes of PTPExFyN in solution and aggregation state. At last, the successful quantification of heparin by the PTPE0.2F0.8N solution was demonstrated, which showed good linearity and sensitivity. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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