Analytical methods for quantifying creatinine within biological media

Creatinine, a molecule created within skeletal muscles as a product of work, is a widely studied molecule within the bioanalytical field, which can be used to reflect the state of renal and muscle function utilizing a range of known analytical techniques. In this review the current analytical methods utilized for the quantification of creatinine are overviewed. After first exploring the biochemistry of creatinine, we then focus upon past and present analytical methodologies including high performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis and colourimetry for its sensing, and lastly diligently explore the electrochemical protocols used by scientists to detect creatinine and associated compounds, which include potentiometry, amperometry and microfluidic technologies. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.