4.6 Review

An Outlook on Physical and Virtual Sensors for a Socially Interactive Internet

Journal

SENSORS
Volume 18, Issue 8, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/s18082578

Keywords

Internet of Things; taxonomy; heterogeneity; social IoT

Funding

  1. SOCIALITE Project - COMPETE 2020 [PTDC/EEI-SCR/2072/2014]
  2. MOBIWISE Project - COMPETE 2020 [P2020 SAICTPAC/0011/2015]
  3. Portugal 2020-Operational Program for Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI)
  4. European Union's ERDF (European Regional Development Fund)
  5. Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)

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The Internet keeps changing at a rapid pace, driven mainly by the emerging concepts and applications that make it aware of the physical world and responsive to user context. The Internet of Things (IoT) concept is quickly giving way to more advanced and highly interactive environments that go well beyond the mere sensing of the physical world. Today, in addition to traditional electronic devices, IoT sensing/actuating includes both software and human-based entities. This paper provides an outlook on the future of sensing/actuating approaches on the Internet at large, which we see increasingly related to all kinds of socially interactive technologies. With these objectives in mind, we propose a taxonomy to deal with the heterogeneity of sensing/actuating approaches in IoT. We also analyse the state-of-the-art of Social Sensing. Finally, we identify open issues and associated research opportunities, the main ones being the integration of all sensing approaches, the combination of social sciences, engineering, and computing as enablers of context-aware, cognitive applications and, last but not least, the unified management of large sets of very heterogeneous sensors/actuators.

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