Journal
SENSORS
Volume 13, Issue 2, Pages 2484-2493Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/s130202484
Keywords
ion-sensing field-effect transistor; Micrococcus luteus biofilm; alkalinization; microfluidic channel
Funding
- Ryoshoku Kenkyuukai [23650262]
- Special Coordination Funds for Promoting Sciences and Technology from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [23650262] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Biofilm formation in microfluidic channels is difficult to detect because sampling volumes are too small for conventional turbidity measurements. To detect biofilm formation, we used an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) measurement system to measure pH changes in small volumes of bacterial suspension. Cells of Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus) were cultured in polystyrene (PS) microtubes and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-based microfluidic channels laminated with polyvinylidene chloride. In microtubes, concentrations of bacteria and pH in the suspension were analyzed by measuring turbidity and using an ISFET sensor, respectively. In microfluidic channels containing 20 mu L of bacterial suspension, we measured pH changes using the ISFET sensor and monitored biofilm formation using a microscope. We detected acidification and alkalinization phases of M. luteus from the ISFET sensor signals in both microtubes and microfluidic channels. In the alkalinization phase, after 2 day culture, dense biofilm formation was observed at the bottom of the microfluidic channels. In this study, we used an ISFET sensor to detect biofilm formation in clinical and industrial microfluidic environments by detecting alkalinization of the culture medium.
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