Journal
SENSORS
Volume 13, Issue 7, Pages 8640-8668Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/s130708640
Keywords
online monitoring; fibre optic; chemical oxygen demand; biological oxygen demand; colour; optical sensor; environmental sensing
Funding
- University of Malaya High Impact Research Grant from the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia [HIR-MOHE-D000037-16001]
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Demand for online and real-time measurements techniques to meet environmental regulation and treatment compliance are increasing. However the conventional techniques, which involve scheduled sampling and chemical analysis can be expensive and time consuming. Therefore cheaper and faster alternatives to monitor wastewater characteristics are required as alternatives to conventional methods. This paper reviews existing conventional techniques and optical and fibre optic sensors to determine selected wastewater characteristics which are colour, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). The review confirms that with appropriate configuration, calibration and fibre features the parameters can be determined with accuracy comparable to conventional method. With more research in this area, the potential for using FOS for online and real-time measurement of more wastewater parameters for various types of industrial effluent are promising.
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